This is only for people, using Windows 10 in the Insider channel (19564.1005).OneDrive (Next generation Sync Client) does not work anymore. It starts, you find the app in Taskmanager, but then it consumes up to 35% CPU power, no Icon established in the notification area. You got no error message.

So for me it looks for an authentification error, and there is no workaround this time.
Microsoft has to be informed about this bug.

If You work (heavy) with OneDrive, you should not install  this Isider Build of Windows 10 or go back to the old version of Windows 10.

[Update 02/16/20]

So I got some information from friends around the globe. The only way is hard, and you need a Office Insiders version of your Sync client with the version 20.033.0213.0001. But if you have this version of OneDriveSetup.exe, you got an error, which says, you cannot install it, bevore you have deinstalled the old version. Means Deinstall the old version AND the configuration. And then you have to configure your stuff manually.

[Update 02/20/20]

Microsoft has shown reaction. in two diffrent ways. First, the OneDrive Product Group has published a new Version of the Next Generation sync Client: 20.028.0206.0003 and Second, the supposed culprit, The Windows Insider Version with the number 19564.1005 will be replaced with 19569.1000. And here OneDrive is running again.

Comments:

Why Does Microsoft bring a new Windows Insider Version on a friday?